DBMS stand for DataBase Manuplation System. It is simply mean DBMS is a collection of package to help mange or maintain or store database. DBMS is system which is used to manage the database.
Data is a collection of raw facts which have not been processed to reveal useful information. Information is produced by processing a data.
simple daily life example school Database that inside student, teacher, mark etc data. We are mantain marks data for processed to get result information of student.
DBMS a collection of programs that enables users to create, maintain and use a database. It enables creation of a repository of data that is defined once and then accessed by different users as per their requirements. Thus there is a single repository of data which is accessed by all the application programs.
Information Rule
The data stored in a database, may it be user data or metadata, must be a value of some table cell. Everything in a database must be stored in a table format.
Guaranted Access Rule
Every single data element(value) is guaranteed to be accessible logically with a combination of table_name, primary_key (row value), and attribute_name (column value). No other means, such a pointers, can be used to access data.
Systematic Treatment of Null Values
The NULLL vlaues in database must be given a systematic and uniform treatment. This is a very important rule because a NULL can be inerpreted as one the following - data is missing, data is not know, or data is not applicable.
Active Online Catalog
The structure desciption of the entire database must be stored in an online catalog, known as data dictionary , which can be accessed by authorized users. Users can use the same query language to access the catalog which they use to access the database itselef.
Comprehensive Data Sub-Language Rule
A database can only be accessed using a language having linear systax that supports data definition, data manipulation, and transtion management operations. This language can be used directly or by means of some application. If the database allows access to data without any help of this lanaguage.
View Updating Rule
All the views of a database, which can theoretically be updated, must also be updatable by the system.
Hight-Level Insert,Update, and Delete Rule
A database must support high-level insertion, updation, and deletion. This must not be limited to a single row, that is, it must also support union, intersection and minus operations to yield sets of data records.
Physical Data Independence
The data sored in a database must be independent of the appplications that access the database. Any change in the physical structure of a database must not have any impact on how the data is being accessed by external applications.
Logical Data Independence
The logical data in a database must be indepedent of its user's view (application). Any change in logical data must not affect the application using it. For example, if two tables are merged or one is split into two different tables, there should be no impact or change on the user application. This is one of the most difficult rule to apply.
Integrity Independence
A database must be independent of the application that user it. All its integrity constrainsts can be independently modified without the need of any change in the application. This rule makes a database independent of the front-end application and its interface.
Distribution Independence
The end-user must not be able to see tha the data is distributed over various locaions. Uers should always get the impression that the data is located at one site only. This rule has been regarded as he foundation of distributed database systems.
Non-Subversion Rule
If a system has an interface that provides access to low-level records. then the interface must not be able to subvert the system and bypass security and integrity constraints.
According to code rules we are requirements a perticular language that deal with relation database and it some for all relation database.